Buenconsejo, Jet U.Jet U.BuenconsejoFerrer-Wreder, Laura AnneLaura AnneFerrer-WrederDimitrova, RadosvetaRadosvetaDimitrovaPavlova, Iuliia O.Iuliia O.PavlovaBosnar, KsenijaKsenijaBosnarBartoluci, SunčicaSunčicaBartoluciKatović, DarkoDarkoKatovićProt, FranjoFranjoProtSultana, Mst SadiaMst SadiaSultanaIslam, Md SaifulMd SaifulIslam2025-10-102025-10-10202515736601; 00472891https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12740/23373Although global research on the 5Cs model of Positive Youth Development (PYD; competence, confidence, connection, character, and caring) has expanded in recent years, there is a lack of understanding about distinct and consistent PYD profiles across youth from diverse socio-cultural contexts. To address this gap, this study utilized a person-oriented analytic approach to examine the PYD profiles of 11,481 emerging adults (Mage = 21.77; SDage = 2.74; 68.66% females) from 21 countries in four continents. Results of the multi-group latent profile analysis revealed four consistent profiles of PYD across countries: high/balanced (41%), self-efficacious (28%), socio-emotional (20%), and low/self-centered (11%). Participants’ age, gender, educational attainment, and country-level collectivism were also found to be associated with specific profiles. Older and more-educated females from less collectivistic countries were more likely to be in a high/balanced profile, while younger males from more collectivistic countries tend to be in a low/self-centered profile. Older and more-educated males from less collectivistic countries were more likely to be in a self-efficacious profile, while younger and less-educated females from more collectivistic countries tend to be in a socio-emotional profile. Controlling these socio-contextual covariates, the four profiles exhibited distinct relations with adaptive (resilience and contribution) and maladaptive outcomes (anxiety and adverse life experiences) during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results highlight the importance of fostering a balanced set of Cs, which include both self-efficacious and socio-emotional qualities, to promote positive adaptation in challenging times across diverse developmental settings. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.restrictedAccess5CSEMERGING ADULTHOODMULTI-GROUP LATENT PROFILE ANALYSISPERSON-ORIENTED RESEARCHPOSITIVE YOUTH DEVELOPMENTADOLESCENTADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENTADULTCORONAVIRUS DISEASE 2019CULTURAL FACTORFEMALEHUMANMALEPSYCHOLOGYSELF CONCEPTYOUNG ADULTCOVID-19CROSS-CULTURAL COMPARISONHUMANSSELF EFFICACYArtículo https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-025-02174-z