Moharramnejad, MojtabaMojtabaMoharramnejadKarim, AmirAmirKarimGharanli, SajjadSajjadGharanliMalekshah, Rahime EshaghiRahime EshaghiMalekshahAmini, Ali HosseinAli HosseinAminiSharifi, Mohammad SaberMohammad SaberSharifiBasmenj, Zahra SalmanivandZahra SalmanivandBasmenjSalariyeh, ZahraZahraSalariyehMohammadkhani, MalihehMalihehMohammadkhaniShahi, MehrnazMehrnazShahiJebiti Haribabu2025-10-102025-10-1020250026265Xhttps://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12740/23482Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs)-based electrochemical biosensors have garnered significant attention for the early diagnosis of diseases and cancers, owing to their unique physicochemical properties. In the first stage, the methods for synthesizing MOFs, their excellent electrocatalytic properties, and the mechanisms and principles behind detecting various analytes using the electrochemical (EC) method as ion-selective electrodes were investigated. In addition, the application of MOFs was discussed to improve stability, selectivity, and sensitivity for detecting cancer biomarkers, leading to enhanced sensitivity (or lower limits of detection, LODs) over a wide linear range. This review provides an overview of the various analytical techniques and sensor performance metrics based on MOFs and their composites. This review offers an overview of recent strategic and technological advancements in the synthesis of MOFs, including methods such as diffusion, hydrothermal/solvothermal processes, microwave-assisted synthesis, electrochemical techniques, mechanochemical approaches, and sonochemistry. It also explores the application of these MOFs in EC-based sensing systems and discusses the challenges encountered in developing EC biosensors. Furthermore, the review examines various types of sensors based on MOFs, including gas sensors, chemical sensors, and biosensors, highlighting their potential for a wide range of sensing applications. This review provides an overview of recent strategic and technological advancements in the synthesis of MOFs, including methods such as diffusion, hydrothermal/solvothermal processes, microwave-assisted synthesis, electrochemical techniques, mechanochemical approaches, and sonochemistry. The integration of carbon materials, conductive polymers, and noble metal nanoparticles into MOFs has significantly improved the electrochemical (EC) performance of biosensors, enhancing both conductivity and mechanical stability. © 2024 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.restrictedAccessAPTASENSORBIOSENSORSELECTROCHEMICAL SENSORSLODSMOFSReviewhttps://doi.org/10.1016/j.microc.2024.112498