Arroyo, MartaMartaArroyoRuiz, FranciscoFranciscoRuizGonzález-Regalado, María LuzMaría LuzGonzález-RegaladoRodríguez Vidal, JoaquínJoaquínRodríguez VidalCáceres, Luis MiguelLuis MiguelCáceresOlías, ManuelManuelOlíasCampos, Juan ManuelJuan ManuelCamposFernández, LucíaLucíaFernándezAbad, ManuelManuelAbadIzquierdo, TatianaTatianaIzquierdoGómez, PaulaPaulaGómezToscano, AntonioAntonioToscanoRomero, VerónicaVerónicaRomeroGómez, GabrielGabrielGómez2026-10-092026-10-092021-06-11Arroyo, Marta; Ruiz, Francisco; González-Regalado, María Luz; Rodríguez Vidal, Joaquín; Cáceres, Luis Miguel; Olías, Manuel; Campos, Juan Manuel; Fernández, Lucía; Abad, Manuel; Izquierdo, Tatiana; Gómez, Paula; Toscano, Antonio; Romero, Verónica; Gómez, Gabriel (2021-06-11). Natural and anthropic pollution episodes during the Late Holocene evolution of the Tinto River estuary (SW Spain). Scientia Marina, 85(2), 113-123. https://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05131.0111886-81340214-8358https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12740/25154This paper investigates the paleoenvironmental evolution of a core extracted in the middle sector of the Tinto River estuary, SW Spain, one of the most polluted areas in the world due to mining over thousands of years (>4 kyr BP) and recent industrial discharges. This evolution includes alluvial sands (>6.4 cal kyr BP), bioclastic sands and silts deposited in subtidal and intertidal channels during and after the Holocene transgression maximum (6.4-4.3 cal kyr BP), the sedimentation of clayey-sandy silts in low and high marshes during the last 2.4 kyr BP and a final anthropic filling. Three sharp peaks of pollution have been detected, representing a) a natural origin during the Holocene transgression; b) the impact of the first mining activities (~4.5 cal kyr BP); and c) the effect of industrial discharge and a new period of mining activity throughout the 19th and 20th centuries. Foraminifera, ostracods and molluscs disappeared during these last two peaks.http://purl.org/coar/access_right/c_abf2https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0Marine and environmental studiesHeavy metals in environmentSoil and Environmental StudiesArticulohttps://doi.org/10.3989/scimar.05131.011