FOSSIL. IV. The Significance-convergence Test-An Algorithm for Selecting Reliable Rotation Periods of Small Solar System Bodies
Journal
PUBLICATIONS OF THE ASTRONOMICAL SOCIETY OF THE PACIFIC
Date Issued
2025
Author(s)
Chang, Chan-Kao
Chen, Ying-Tung
Lehner, Matthew J.
Wang, Shiang-Yu
Alexandersen, Mike
Choi, Young-Jun
Fraser, Wesley C.
Granados Contreras, A. Paula
Ito, Takashi
JeongAhn, Youngmin
Ji, Jianghui
Kavelaars, J. J.
Kim, Myung-Jin
Li, Jian
Lin, Zhong-Yi
Lykawka, Patryk Sofia
Moon, Hong-Kyu
More, Surhud
Munoz-Gutierrez, Marco
Ohtsuki, Keiji
Pike, Rosemary E.
Terai, Tsuyoshi
Urakawa, Seitaro
Yoshida, Fumi
Zhang, Hui
Zhao, Haibin
Zhou, Ji-Lin
Abstract
Manual review to select a reliable rotation period of small solar system bodies (SSSBs) is a very time-consuming process. With the growing volume of lightcurve data collected by wide-field, high-cadence surveys, such manual inspection has become impractical and unsustainable. In response to this challenge, we present a new algorithm, called the significance-convergence test, which provides a quantitative way to select reliable rotation periods of SSSBs obtained from these wide-field, high-cadence surveys. This algorithm was developed based on two simulations, each containing 162,000 synthetic lightcurves generated according to the observational conditions and data properties of the surveys from the phase I of the Formation of the Outer Solar System: an Icy Legacy (FOSSIL I) and Pan-STARRS 1 (PS1). Using two parameters extracted from period analysis, the successful recoveries of the input rotation periods from the synthetic lightcurves can be distinguished from unsuccessful recoveries and noisy lightcurves. The first parameter, 1/S, indicates the significance of the best-fit spin rate, while the second parameter, C, represents the condition of convergence of the best-fit lightcurve. This algorithm can also be used as a mapping to the conventional quality code of manual review, U, defined by Warner et al. The significance-convergence test thus provides a practical alternative to manual review, which is a time-consuming and biased process.


