The article analyzes the impact of neoliberal development on the economic, social, cultural, and political dynamics of Latin America in recent decades. It highlights its influence on social inequality, the deterioration of democratic institutions, and its profound effect on the distribution of wealth in the region. Although neoliberalism has promoted modernization and economic growth, it has also driven constant adjustments that deepen social disparities, erode cultural and democratic cohesion, transform citizens into consumers, and weaken civic participation. This has intensified social tensions, generating resistance in community territories and hindering its full consolidation. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.