Graphitic Carbon Nitride (g-C3N4) has emerged as a highly promising organic semiconductor with versatile applications spanning optical, biological, and energy fields. Combining g-C3N4 with metal oxides, transition metal oxides, or conductive polymers has yielded significant advancements across various scientific domains. However, the incorporation of Lead Monoxide (PbO) into these composites introduces a unique challenge due to its inherent toxicity, which poses considerable risks to human health and the environment. PbO, traditionally utilized in ceramics and glass industries, necessitates alternative strategies to mitigate its adverse effects. In this study, we address this challenge by integrating g-C3N4 into PbO through a temperature-optimized solid-state synthesis process. By incorporating g-C3N4 into PbO, we aim to enhance the material’s properties while mitigating the risks associated with PbO toxicity. The synthesized PbO/g-C3N4 nanocomposites undergo comprehensive structural, optical, and morphological analyses to elucidate the impact of the incorporation process. Through these analyses, we explore the structural integrity, optical properties, and surface morphology of the resulting nanocomposites, identifying any discernible changes induced by the incorporation of g-C3N4. This investigation not only contributes to advancing our understanding of hybrid materials but also offers a promising avenue for the development of safer and more functional materials with reduced environmental impact. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.