Objective. To explore the relationship between liquidity risk and the capital structure of Latin American companies. Methodology. With a sample of 135 companies (Brazil, Chile and Mexico), panel data were used to analyze various models that considered, among other variables, six liquidity risk indices, two of which included a new factor: the free-float. The study period covers from 2010 to 2019. Results. The level of indebtedness and capital risk in Latin America companies present a mixed relationship (direct and inverse). Conclusions. Latin American companies have their own characteristics for decision-making about capital structure.